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The Office for National Statistics said consumer prices rose 0.6 percent on the month, taking the annual rate to 4.7 percent from 4.4 percent in July.
This was the highest since the series began in 1997 and the ONS said it was the highest since April 1992 using historical data based on a different measure of inflation.
The main driver was soaring gas and electricity bills, which added 0.3 percentage points to the annual CPI rate. Food prices also had an upward impact but this was offset by lower petrol prices.
The figures underline the BoE's caution about cutting interest rates to revive a stuttering economy but market expectations of rate cuts have gone up sharply this week following trouble at banks.